Genocide, Ethnonationalism, and the United Nations: Exploring the Causes of Mass Killing Since 1945 (Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics), by Hannibal Travis
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Genocide, Ethnonationalism, and the United Nations: Exploring the Causes of Mass Killing Since 1945 (Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics), by Hannibal Travis
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Genocide, Ethnonationalism, and the United Nations examines a series of related crises in human civilization growing out of conflicts between powerful states or empires and indigenous or stateless peoples. This is the first book to attempt to explore the causes of genocide and other mass killing by a detailed exploration of UN archives covering the period spanning from 1945 through 2011. Hannibal Travis argues that large states and empires disproportionately committed or facilitated genocide and other mass killings between 1945 and 2011. His research incorporates data concerning factors linked to the scale of mass killing, and recent findings in human rights, political science, and legal theory. Turning to potential solutions, he argues that the concept of genocide imagines a future system of global governance under which the nation-state itself is made subject to law. The United Nations, however, has deflected the possibility of such a cosmopolitical law. It selectively condemns genocide and has established an institutional structure that denies most peoples subjected to genocide of a realistic possibility of global justice, lacks a robust international criminal tribunal or UN army, and even encourages "security" cooperation among states that have proven to be destructive of peoples in the past.
Questions raised include:
- What have been the causes of mass killing during the period since the United Nations Charter entered into force in 1945?
- How does mass killing spread across international borders, and what is the role of resource wealth, the arms trade, and external interference in this process?
- Have the United Nations or the International Criminal Court faced up to the problem of genocide and other forms of mass killing, as is their mandate?
- Amazon Sales Rank: #5059790 in Books
- Published on: 2015-05-23
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 6.00" w x 1.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 378 pages
Review
"With a global gaze and cosmopolitan sensibility, Hannibal Travis identifies the genocidal conjunctures of the postwar world in the instability of over-sized polities and their tendency to interfere destructively in the affairs of countries whose resources they crave. As a creature of this system, and especially the United Nations Security Council, the UN is indicted for its woeful record of prevention and punishment of genocide. Travis presents a bleak picture of our time whose only mitigation is the thin reed of the law. Sober yet hopeful, this book is a major achievement."
―A. Dirk Moses, European University Institute
"You have to love as well as be impressed with Travis’ combination of good old-fashioned high quality scholarship with a love of human life, human rights, and decency that reach out to and inspire the reader. Travis follows in the footsteps of the great Leo Kuper’s The Prevention of Genocide (1985). He tells the truths of how ethnonationalism and imperialism over and over again prove stronger than a law of nations so long as a robust international criminal tribunal and a robust UN army have not come in to being. A highly recommended and memorable study."
―Israel W. Charny, Executive Director of the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide, Jerusalem
About the Author Hannibal Travis teaches and conducts research in the fields of cultural and intellectual property, international and comparative law, and human rights law. He serves as Associate Professor of Law and the Interim Associate Dean for Information Resources and Director of the Law Library at Florida International University College of Law. He joined FIU after several years practicing law in California and New York. He has also served as Visiting Associate Professor of Law at Villanova University School of Law, and as a Visiting Fellow at Oxford.
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Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. Deadly Legacies By L. King A comprehensive sourcebook that enumerates and contextualizes the major mass exterminations of the second half of the 20th century providing an excellent starting point for students and researchers. Half of the book is made up of references. Travis’ initial premise is that genocide may be a symptom of what he calls the Large Country Syndrome by territorially large countries and empires seeking to force homogeneity on local ethnic groups. Modern examples include the Ottoman, Russian, French and British Empires and the 19th and 20th century Indian Wars of the Americas and the Nazi attempt to colonize Europe.Particularly scathing is Travis’s remark on pp72 that “Genocide scholars have shown that the early United Nations was a pact between five racist empires and their allied states. Britain, China, France the Soviet Union and the United States resisted the application of the Genocide Convention and the machinery of the United Nations to their own territorial holdings in light of their own gruesome crimes against oppressed racial minorities and occupied populations.” One result of this is the general lack of accountability for the perpetrators. He notes (pp163) that only 27 of 17,500 convicted Nazis were executed in Austria – the rest were given amnesty in 1957. Nor were any of the perpetrators of Soviet Gulag ever sent to trial. The great powers appear to have a tacit understanding that the UN statutes regarding war crimes and human rights violations could easily be applied, rightly or wrongly, to each of them, negating an interest in enforcement. He follows this up with an examination of each, though he dwells more on American actions and relationships with Vietnam, Indonesia (East Timor), Nigeria (Biafra), Iraq and lack of significant State action to prevent genocide in Cambodia, Rwanda, Sri Lanka and the Sudan. However he doesn’t ignore events concerning other large scale events such as the Turkish genocide of the Armenians, the massive death toll in Algeria in the process of French decolonization, the Sudanese ethnic cleansing of the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa peoples in what is now South Sudan, nor the ongoing conflict in Syria and the Congo. Not left out are the cultural dispossessions of native cultures through aboriginal boarding schools in Australia, New Zealand and the Americas nor the ethnic rivalry between Hindus and Muslims in the Indian subcontinent.I am less sanguine about the author’s proposed solutions. First would be to break larger nations into smaller units, which none would do willingly and almost all national breakups have been quite violent. The other (pp173) is to strengthen and reform the UN system by encouraging the UN to establish a permanent military peacekeeping force, which is an unimplemented recommendation of the current charter. Current UN practice is to outsource this function to regional organizations such as NATO and African Union. Unfortunately history has shown that the UN organization is only as moral as its individual members, which is to say, not very much. Even Travis recognizes the problem (pp144-5) by reminding us that in 2012 some of the worlds worst violators of human rights – Libya (this was written just before Qaddafi’s meteoric fall), Mexico, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, China and the Russian Federation hold key seats on the notorious UN Human Rights Council.Impassioned, interesting. Recommended.
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