Creeks and Southerners: Biculturalism on the Early American Frontier (Indians of the Southeast), by Andrew K. Frank
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Creeks and Southerners: Biculturalism on the Early American Frontier (Indians of the Southeast), by Andrew K. Frank
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Creeks and Southerners examines the families created by the hundreds of intermarriages between Creek Indian women and European American men in the southeastern United States during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Called “Indian countrymen” at the time, these intermarried white men moved into their wives’ villages in what is now Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. By doing so, they obtained new homes, familial obligations, occupations, and identities. At the same time, however, they maintained many of their ties to white American society and as a result entered the historical record in large numbers. Creeks and Southerners studies the ways in which many children of these relationships lived both as Creek Indians and white Southerners. By carefully altering their physical appearances, choosing appropriate clothing, learning multiple languages, embracing maternal and paternal kinsmen and kinswomen, and balancing their loyalties, the children of intermarriages found ways to bridge what seemed to be an unbridgeable divide. Many became prominent Creek political leaders and warriors, played central roles in the lucrative deerskin trade, built inns and taverns to cater to the needs of European American travelers, frequently moved between colonial American and Native communities, and served both European American and Creek officials as interpreters, assistants, and travel escorts. The fortunes of these bicultural children reflect the changing nature of Creek-white relations, which became less flexible and increasingly contentious throughout the nineteenth century as both Creeks and Americans accepted a more rigid biological concept of race, forcing their bicultural children to choose between identities.
Creeks and Southerners: Biculturalism on the Early American Frontier (Indians of the Southeast), by Andrew K. Frank- Amazon Sales Rank: #2622052 in Books
- Published on: 2015-05-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .49" w x 6.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 216 pages
Review “While Frank skillfully contextualizes his story within Creek and colonial history, his focus is on the people who, like Cornell, were Creeks and white southerners. . . . Elegantly written, impeccably organized, and deeply researched in English and Spanish sources, Creeks and Southerners is a welcome addition to the booming field of pre-removal Creek history.”—Kathleen DuVal, Western Historical Quarterly (Kathleen DuVal Western Historical Quarterly 2006-12-19)"An interesting source for studying the effects of early biculturalism."—Denver Westerners Roundup (Doris R. Meredith Denver Westerners Roundup 2005-12-06)"Creeks and Southerners is a sophisticated, well-written account of Creek society in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Frank draws on . . . many fascinating frontier characters [relating them] to the larger forces forging a new social landscape around them."—Gregory A. Waselkov, Alabama Review (Gregory A. Waselkov Alabama Review 2006-05-08)"Creeks and Southerners provides useful insight into the formation of Creek identity. It would be useful to historians studying European-Native American relations or Creek history. . . . Frank's story offers a good deal of insight into the various conflicts and increasing tensions that ended with forced Indian removal."—Jeremy Pressgrove, Southern Historian (Jeremy Pressgrove Southern Historian 2006-11-14)"Frank has significantly expanded our knowledge about how the endurance of clan and village life in one southeastern Indian society shaped intercultural relations over a long span of time."—Daniel H. Usner, Jr., American Historical Review (Daniel H. Usner, Jr. American Historical Review)“Serious studies of race and identity in the American South are forced to confront a highly charged and complex history that continues to haunt us today. As a new attempt to see through those dark waters, Andrew K. Frank’s Creeks and Southerners is a welcome and courageous work of scholarship. . . . [It] is a valuable effort to gain insight into a neglected area of southern scholarship.”—William L. Ramsey, Journal of American History (William L. Ramsey Journal of American History 2008-07-14)
About the Author
Andrew K. Frank is the Allen Morris Associate Professor of History at Florida State University. He is the author or editor of eight books, including The Routledge Historical Atlas of the American South.
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Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. Creeks and Southerners - Must own. By Scott M. Shubitz This is an important work that any serious student of American race and identity should have in their library. In Creeks and Southerners, Professor Frank examines the lives of "bicultural" Creeks – mostly the children of mixed marriages between Europeans and Creeks in Alabama and Georgia during the 18th century and the early 19th century. What is fascinating about Professor Frank’s work is his finding that these bicultural offspring grew up Creek and were fully accepted into Creek society. In this sense, these bicultural people provide great insight into Creek-European relations during the period. What is important about this is that Professor Frank shows that Creek conceptions of identity were not racial (as European notions were), but rather cultural and based on kinship. He shows that Creek identity was based on the way someone dressed or the language they spoke as well as the people they were related to. In this sense, it was possible for the child of a European father and Creek mother to be accepted as Creek by the Creek people. It was also possible for a European who adopted Creek culture to also be accepted as Creek by the Creek. This truly is an important work on race and identity, the history of the South, and American Indian history.Scott Shubitz
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. The writing is GREAT, but the binding of the book needs help By Virginia Ryals The writing is GREAT, but the binding of the book needs help. I had pages falling out before I even started reading. I wish the company would remedy that.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Frank did an excellent job conveying the diversity and fluidity of the Creek ... By Amazon Customer One of the most thoughtful and thorough research endeavors on Creeks and Creek Society I've encountered. From a genealogy perspective, (my field of research), I gained an entirely new perspective which shed light on many sketchy details and moments in time for me. I had drawn blanks about the whys of actions of characters in my stories, and this book helped to fill in some holes about the nature, character and lifestyles of mixed heritage individuals living in the South pre-civil war. Frank did an excellent job conveying the diversity and fluidity of the Creek culture within the boundaries (and sometimes outside) of a matrilineal society. Not only a scholarly inquiry, but an engaging read for those of us who have Creek Ancestry, or anyone who lacks insight into the complexity of Native existence.-An informative and enjoyable read.Jill Nelson, Adjunct History Professor, Middle Tennessee State University
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